In the latest Lerman thread, a self-confessed anti-Zionist commenter stated “[p]lease remember that the Israeli Foreign Office pays people to post here. This means that any pro-Israeli view is more than likely to be yet another instance of Israeli propaganda.”
While unfortunately one has come to expect this kind of “conspiracy theory” discourse from commenters on CiF, it is quite another to hear this from a member of the Guardian who holds a senior position there. But that is precisely what happened today and this is not the first time.
Brian Whitaker, commissioning editor of ‘Comment is Free’, fueled the “discussion” by, among other things, linking to a Ynet news article on “Israeli government’s internet activities”. When a ‘pro-Israel’ poster pointed out that this is a “serious, ugly, and counter-productive allegation, (should I add slanderous?) which unfairly taints any comment favoring Israel”, Whitaker responded by saying:
“I was just providing some supplementary information. Israel’s efforts to organise and co-ordinate internet “talkback” have been widely reported, though some commenters here seem to be sceptical.”
Given that the phenomenon of “nation branding” is nothing new and many other countries engage in other similar endeavors to improve their image abroad, what is it that motivates a member of the Guardian’s senior editorial team to specifically interject himself into the comment thread and slur pro-Israel posters in such a manner? And come to think of it, why is it that pro-Israel posters are specifically being singled out?
Because of CiF’s obsession with Israel and Whitaker’s prominent position with the Guardian, the upshot of his uncalled for intervention is to lend credence to the notion that there indeed is a Jewish conspiracy, whether or not this was actually his intention.
Meanwhile, Tony Lerman injects his own poison into the debate by stating:
“As for references being made to Cifwatch, I think its only fair to point out, before anyone gets too excited, that its basically a smear site, happy to make repeated unsubstantiated allegations about the views and biographies of people the sites initiators disagree with. And they fearlessly fight the good fight for truth and openness – by hiding behind pseudonyms.”
So I ask, who precisely is being smeared here? And what precisely are the unsubstantiated allegations that Lerman is referring to?
118 comments
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August 29, 2009 at 9:10 pm
RayaPhoenix
Ooh dearie me, Lerman has got his panties in a bunch hasn’t he?
Question to Lerman
Why, when people like you spout forth your opinions on a site which, let’s face it, gets more like Der Sturmer each week and seem proud to be associated with it, this is OK and yet when CiFWatch finally holds a mirror up to you and describes what you are doing it suddenly becomes a smear site? Is it a smear site for pointing out the discrepancy between Comment is “Free” as it likes to show itself, or “Opponents are Gagged” as it should be renamed? Why do you write for them?
I remember you from years ago. You were once a youth leader in Habonim, a Zionist youth movement which encouraged people to emigrate to Israel. You were also a senior member of several Jewish organisations with power and influence with them presumably.
What on earth turned you into the bitter and twisted individual you are now, who turns on his own people, is used by the most Jew-hating blog on the net and who minimises Jew-hatred? It’s one thing to disagree with a country’s policies but quite another to hate it as vehemently as you appear to. It’s almost as if you have a personal animus against Israel.
I’d really like to understand.
August 30, 2009 at 12:11 am
modernityblog
Lerman gets a lot of criticism from many sources, including Engage.
http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/04/15/antony-lerman-is-vexing-about-the-cst/
http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/05/04/antony-lerman-defends-seven-jewish-children/
http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/08/06/antony-lerman-is-misrepresenting-the-views-of-uk-jews-again/
August 30, 2009 at 12:54 am
spectreovereurope
Hi CiF Watch,
I said I was unsurprised to be included on your list of “anti-semitic” commenters but perhaps I should add that I am also somewhat saddened.
What saddens me is that thanks to the likes of you lot (CiF watch), the serious allegation of antisemitism is being reduced to a cheap jibe deflecting from the laudable purposes of protecting Jews from harm and being invoked to simply massage your over-inflated egos.
You may have noticed (though you haven’t mentioned) your allegations being dismissed by Yotam (a Jewish Israeli) and LeftWingOrthodoxJew (presumably a left-wing Orthodox Jew). Doesn’t this give you any pause for thought?
Regards
spectreovereurope
August 30, 2009 at 1:03 am
John Brown
The smears and sick accusations against GIYUS (always the last resort of the desperate there), AIPAC, the Israel Foreign Ministry, etc. on that thread have been flying freely, presumably due to CIFwatch’s early success in shining a light on these reprehensible contributors and commentators.
The irony of Whitaker’s comment is illustrated beautifully by the recurrent appearance of the same group of Israel-bashers (even those occasionally “banned” like Count/Singtothebreeze/leonWells/Acton etc. etc. known to many as Dotty as he keeps popping up under his multiple monikers – possibly the sudden appearance of BtselemPaul is his latest).
Strange how posters like Dotty, berchmans, Namokel, Teacup, Moron, etc. seem to be immune from Guardian staffers providing “supplementary information” and claims that they are part of an “effort to organize and co-ordinate internet “talkback”” even though there they are, singing from the same hymn-book, week after week, like a rather well organized cabal.
And the same goes for the endless round robin of Guardian-paid Jewish Israel-bashing contributors – Freedman, Lerman, Silverstein, Freedman, Lerman, Silverstein, Freedman, Lerman, Silverstein – endlessly earning their 30 pieces of silver from the Guardian’s Israel bashing roundabout.
If that is not organized and co-ordinated Internet “talkback”, what is?
August 30, 2009 at 1:04 am
CIFDisgustsMe
spectreovereurope.
What saddens me is that thanks to the likes of you lot (CiF watch), the serious allegation of antisemitism is being reduced to a cheap jibe deflecting from the laudable purposes of protecting Jews from harm and being invoked to simply massage your over-inflated egos.
Yeah.
I’m sure that you were ’saddened’.
August 30, 2009 at 1:13 am
spectreovereurope
CIFDisgustsMe
I can remember when calling someone an “Anti-semite” was a big deal. In fact, I was mortified the first time someone described me as “anti-semitic” on CIF. Now I’m completely impervious to it and that does sadden me to some extent.
August 30, 2009 at 2:00 am
Louise
spectre
Your disingenousness is breathtaking.
Apart from your many comments listed in the Commenters’ section of this site, do you remember these …….
‘Next time you quote from David Hirsh follow that up with something from Mickey Mouse or Donald Duck because practically it is the same source of information or opinion’
‘This debating device currently popular amongst certain Zionists known as “the Livingstone Formulation” is going to die an embarassing death rather than achieve (hoped for) status within mainstream discourse. Perhaps we should be talking about “the Hirsh Fallacy”. ‘
If there is one single justification for this site, it is the fact that you are still allowed to post on CIF.
August 30, 2009 at 2:30 am
Louise
Maybe Tony Lerman can tell us which parts of his bio are ‘unsubstantiated’?
August 30, 2009 at 2:46 am
spectreovereurope
Louise
“If there is one single justification for this site, it is the fact that you are still allowed to post on CIF.”
From my point of view, the one justification for your site is that it clearly demonstrates the “Hirsh fallacy”. i.e Anti-semitism is not spuriously invoked to stifle criticsm of Israel.
August 30, 2009 at 3:26 am
John
Brian Whitaker is an interesting case. Take as an example his intervention in response to the comment from SouthLondon01 (History used and abused):
BrianWhit 23 Jul 09, 5:02pm:
“the inexplicable fixation of CiF and the Guardian on Israel and Jews”
You have only to look at the contents page to see that Cif covers lots of other things besides. It’s clear, though that readers like to discuss Israel and related issues.
In fact, few readers seem more fixated on this than SouthLondon01. A look at his/her commenting history shows that he/she rarely talks about anything else.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jul/23/israel-palestine-history-nakba?plckFindCommentKey=CommentKey:6f8dfc65-ba6e-4a32-b5d7-e81b7bdf8729
Whitaker chose to attack SouthLondon by describing him as ‘fixated’ without pausing to consider his own ‘fixation’ with Arabs (see Whitaker’s personal website: http://www.al-bab.com/). Whitaker can be (to use a less loaded word) interested in Arabs/Arab society/Arab culture but those like SouthLondon are ‘fixated’ and to be mocked for their interest in Israelis/Israeli society/culture.
Whitaker’s lack of empathy, dislike and contempt for Israel and Israelis (those who support their country) is palpable – so strong is his distaste that it extends to any poster on CiF who may not share his views. He knows that such posters are not being paid by the Israeli government but he enjoys spreading the conspiracy. Malicious.
August 30, 2009 at 3:27 am
CIFDisgustsMe
spectreovereurope – ‘From my point of view, the one justification for your site is that it clearly demonstrates the “Hirsh fallacy”. i.e Anti-semitism is not spuriously invoked to stifle criticsm of Israel.’
I don’t think it is.
Please point me to post of yours which talk about the slaughter in Darfur, Sri Lanka and Gaza. (I mention Gaza as 2 weeks ago, Hamas slaughtered 28 of it’s own ‘innocent’ citizens who were fighting for their God given right the be followers of Osama Bin Laden).
August 30, 2009 at 3:30 am
hakunamatata
spectreovereurope
You are lamenting about your inclusion in the list of antisemite commenters.
Have you ever read your own posts? Or do you think that demonization of a country and its people (incidentally the Jewish one) is some kind of reasonable criticism? Do you really think that because other Jewish posters absolve you means that you are off the hook? Or are you on the opinion that Jews’ thoughts are controlled by the Elders and must have identical opinions?
August 30, 2009 at 3:31 am
Mita
Spectre: You may have noticed (though you haven’t mentioned) your allegations being dismissed by Yotam (a Jewish Israeli) Yotam’s actual comment was most (I have no intention to read them all) are without much basis. So you are not being very accurate.
Can you please give us your definition of antisemitism and give us an example?
August 30, 2009 at 4:24 am
spectreovereurope
Mita
Yotam also said
“spectreovereurope I noticed that the first couple of posts that supposedly prove your antisemitism feature myself as your beatific foil. I wonder if I would be able to ask them to remove those or atleast ad my diagreement with their claims in fine print.”
So I don’t think I’ve been inaccurate.
My definition of anti-semitism?
Hatred, discrimination, prejudice and persecution directed at Jews for being Jews.
A classic example of anti-semitism is the Kiecle pogrom.
CiFDisgustsMe-
I don’t recall commenting on Darfur, Sri Lanka or recent Gaza violence. I’ve made comments about the Balkans, Latin America, Russia, Iran, Italy and Iraq. Is there a check-list of articular issues that must be commented on before comment on Israel/Palestine is permitted?
August 30, 2009 at 4:31 am
spectreovereurope
hakunamatata-
Don’t misunderstand me.
I’m not lamenting my inclusion on your list. I’m lamenting the fact that I’m not troubled by inclusion on your list. A subtle but important distinction. I’ve looked through my posts and will gladly defend each and every one of the comments listed against allegations of anti-semitism.
August 30, 2009 at 4:45 am
hakunamatata
spectreovereurope
You are ready defend each and every one of your comments listed against allegations of anti-semitism.
Let’s start with this one:
“Can anyone explain to me why holocaust denial is anti-semitic? Surely an anti-semite would endorse the holocaust rather than deny it?”
August 30, 2009 at 4:46 am
Louise
Defend these comments then:
“Next time you quote from David Hirsh follow that up with something from Mickey Mouse or Donald Duck because practically it is the same source of information or opinion” and “This debating device currently popular amongst certain Zionists known as “the Livingstone Formulation” is going to die an embarassing death rather than achieve (hoped for) status within mainstream discourse. Perhaps we should be talking about “the Hirsh Fallacy”.
The ‘Livingstone Formulation” implies that protests from Jews about racism do not need to be taken seriously as thay are attempts to silence critics of Israel. Those who use the Formulation or those who rubbish it are antisemites because they deny Jews the right that all other minorities have to protest about racism.
I think your rubbishing of the Livingstone Formulation makes you an antisemite. Defend yourself.
August 30, 2009 at 4:49 am
spectreovereurope
hakunamatata-
“Do you really think that because other Jewish posters absolve you means that you are off the hook? Or are you on the opinion that Jews’ thoughts are controlled by the Elders and must have identical opinions?”
Surely the point is that if some Jews are claiming anti-semitism and others disputing anti-semitism, there is a difference of OPINION. The allegations of anti-semitism attributed to various commenters are presented by this site as proven fact rather than OPINION. Are alternative JEWISH perceptions of anti-semitism (or it’s perceived abscence) irrelevant? It would appear to be THIS site that is suggesting Jews have identical opinions. Do YOU believe their “thoughts are controlled by the Elders”?
August 30, 2009 at 5:01 am
spectreovereurope
Louise-
It’s very simple. Some protestations of Anti-semitism are entirely valid and SOME are diversionary to silence critics of Israel. Hirsh is implyng within the Livingstone Formulation that ALL allegations of anti-semitism MUST be valid and there is NEVER a false charge made to stifle criticism of Israel. This is the “Hirsh fallacy”.
August 30, 2009 at 5:17 am
John
“Hirsh is implyng within the Livingstone Formulation that ALL allegations of anti-semitism MUST be valid and there is NEVER a false charge made to stifle criticism of Israel. ”
No. That is not what David Hirsh says either implicitly or explicitly. See the article here: http://www.z-word.com/on-zionism/antisemitism-and-anti-zionism/anti-zionism-and-antisemitism%253A-decoding-the-relationship.html
August 30, 2009 at 5:22 am
Mita
Spectre: What Yotam said in full was “OK, having sifted through some of the allegedly Anti Semitic comments I can say that most (I have no intention to read them all) are without much basis.
BTW spectreovereurope I noticed that the first couple of posts that supposedly prove your antisemitism feature myself as your beatific foil. I wonder if I would be able to ask them to remove those or atleast ad my diagreement with their claims in fine print.”
ie He said that there were posts that were anti-semitic though most he saw did not have much basis. However he did not read through them all.
That he was going to ask cifwatch to remove those in which he features has no bearing whatever on whether there are antisemitic posts at all in fact he said there were some.( i am repeating myself because I see that you cling to lack of clarity as a justification)
Having dealt with that I notice that you have not defined antisemitism or given me an example, as requested. Is there a problem in this area?
August 30, 2009 at 5:23 am
Louise
Spectre
More disingenuity from you. You really are a piece of work.
You attempt to defend your rubbishing of the Livingstone Formulation by recourse to …. the Livingstone Formulation!
You couldn’t make it up.
With every post you further justify your inclusion on the ‘name and shame’ commenters’ list.
Keep ‘em coming.
August 30, 2009 at 5:34 am
spectreovereurope
Mita-
To be honest I’m reluctant to drag the commenter Yotam into this discussion but he SPECIFICALLY wrote that he disagreed with your site’s assertion that MY responses to him were indicative of anti-semitism. I’m here to defend MY comments. Yotam’s OVERALL assessment has no bearing on this. Whatever other comments are listed I leave to other commenters to defend (if inclined to do so).
I provided you with a definition and example of anti-semitism-
Perhaps you should scroll back and have another look.
August 30, 2009 at 5:38 am
spectreovereurope
Louise-
Does Hirsh concede that SOME allegations of anti-semitism are diversionary to deflect criticism of Israel in his “Livingstone Formulation”?
August 30, 2009 at 5:39 am
hakunamatata
spectreovereurope
I’m waiting for your explanation of this post:
“Can anyone explain to me why holocaust denial is anti-semitic? Surely an anti-semite would endorse the holocaust rather than deny it?”
August 30, 2009 at 5:42 am
spectreovereurope
I’ve just finished a night-shift but will be glad to provide further clarifications and respond to queries when I’ve had some sleep. Bye for now,
Regards
spectreovereurope
August 30, 2009 at 5:46 am
hakunamatata
spectreovereurope
Don’t worry I won’t hold my breath…
August 30, 2009 at 5:48 am
exiledlondoner
Louise,
“I think your rubbishing of the Livingstone Formulation makes you an antisemite.”
Maybe you should add it to the EUMC working definition?
August 30, 2009 at 5:48 am
spectreovereurope
hakunamatata-
I responded to that one at 5.22am (EST?)-I can see my response on screen.
Goodnight!
August 30, 2009 at 6:02 am
Mita
Spectre:
I am not a member of this site, so it is ”your site” as much as it is mine.
It was you who brought Yotam into the discussion to act as proof for you but since he emphasized that he had not read most of the entries you have proved nothing.
An incident is unlikely to take place on CiF which is what we are discussing – do you consider that nobody has ever said anything antisemitic on CiF that you can point to?
August 30, 2009 at 6:02 am
spectreovereurope
John
One quick one before I disappear-
“Hirsh is implyng within the Livingstone Formulation that ALL allegations of anti-semitism MUST be valid and there is NEVER a false charge made to stifle criticism of Israel.”
I stand corrected-
According to Hirsh-
“It is rare that Jewish communal or Israeli spokespeople make the evidently false claim that criticism of Israeli policies is necessarily antisemitic. Neither does anybody serious treat criticism as though it was demonization. The contention that criticism is denounced as antisemitic nearly always functions as a straw-man argument.”
My understanding of the Livingstone Formulation was derived from a “potted” version presented by a (pro-Zionist) commenter on CiF. I think it was JeremyHP. Where I would disagree with Hirsh is the inappropriate use of “rare”.
August 30, 2009 at 6:09 am
spectreovereurope
Mita-
I agree-I’ve not proved anything by referencing Yotam. I simply pointed out that s/he did not agree with CiF Watch’s assessment of anti-semitism in my first two comments listed. He made no specific comment about MY other comments. Am I being sufficently accurate?
Did you find my definition and example of anti-semitism?
Definitely. definitely goodnight!
August 30, 2009 at 6:16 am
spectreovereurope
It appears my 5.22am response to hakunamatata been deleted.
August 30, 2009 at 6:36 am
CiFCritic
spectreovereurope, the stench of your hyprocisy is almost overpowering. Since when has someone like you cared a damn about “cheapening” antisemitism? Since when has someone like you been bothered one iota about the Jew-hatred churned out on CiF?. Another Guardianista has been here and said that hate-filled comment should remain so that the hatred may be challenged. He never challenged it. Have YOU ever challenged it spectre?
I have been a CiFwatcher for some time and I used to post there before I was banned and no reason given. Yet “regularly” (to quote ExiledLondoner), posters are allowed to post anti-Jewish filth there while wretches like you do nothing and posters who complain about them are premoderated or banned.
Are you in fact an antisemite? Is that why you’re sore at not being included on CifWatch’s list? Write to the blog and send them some of your posts you think are antisemitic and they might reconsider, who knows?
You can start with the one above, where you fall head first into the Livingstone manoeuvre.
And to use Yotam’s comment because he is a Jew and you think that lend carry more weight to your ridiculous argument shows the depths into which you sink. Why not choose someone else’s post, there must have been scores of others? Why choose a post from “a Jew?” You’re so ignorant that just don’t get it, do you?
Keep on posting. The more cr*p you write the more convinced I am that this site is sorely needed.
Well done guys, thank you for it.
August 30, 2009 at 6:39 am
RayaPhoenix
I note three successive posts from you.
Perhaps you are getting on people’s nerves? You are certainly getting on mine
August 30, 2009 at 6:45 am
hakunamatata
spectreovereurope
If your answer has been deleted then please repost it.
Dear CifWatchers! Please allow him to explain why he doesn’t consider Holocaust deniers antisemites. Must be very inetersting…
August 30, 2009 at 6:47 am
spectreovereurope
CiFcritic-
“Have YOU ever challenged it spectre?”
Yes
BTW I’m on the list
“Why choose a post from a Jew?”
I used Yotam’s comment to demonstrate there was NO consensus among Jews about which comments could be deemed “anti-semitic”. Interesting (and telling) how CiF Watch neglected to mention his words when rejoicing at the perceived consternation on Peter Beaumont’s recent thread.
August 30, 2009 at 6:50 am
spectreovereurope
hakunamatata-
Let CifWatch repost it. Goodnight.
August 30, 2009 at 6:51 am
spectreovereurope
RayaPhoenix-
“Perhaps you are getting on people’s nerves? You are certainly getting on mine”
Nice to know I haven’t been wasting my time. Goodnight all.
August 30, 2009 at 7:20 am
exiledlondoner
CIFCritic,
“Another Guardianista has been here and said that hate-filled comment should remain so that the hatred may be challenged. He never challenged it.”
If that’s me you’re referring to, I’d like to make a few brief points.
1) I’m not a Guardianista – if you’d seen my posts on other subjects, you might have worked that out for yourself.
2) I do indeed believe “that hate-filled comment should remain so that the hatred may be challenged” – I belive that hatred thrives in the dark, and withers in the light.
3) I challenge racism, anti-semitism and other hate-speech on an almost daily basis – if you haven’t seen that, then that’s largely because my comment often gets deleted alongside the original post.
Either that, or you made your comment without bothering to check whether it had any basis in fact.
August 30, 2009 at 7:42 am
CiFCritic
exiledlondoner
“… I am not a Guardianista….”
- Strange… I could’ve sworn that you were from what you have written here..
“… hatred thrives in the dark….”
– LOL! CiF moderation policy makes sure that its Jew-hatred is shrouded in darkeness so that it cannot be challenged or debated
“… I challenge racism, anti-semitism and other hate-speech on an almost daily basis ….”
– Right. So did I, so did many of the others who are posting here. Many of us got into reasoned discussions with Mods which resulted in our being banned. How come you are still being allowed to post there and we are not? How many times have you been premoderated for criticising the thrust of CiF?
(These last are valid and pertinent questions, since you are asking us to believe that you challenge antisemitism and other hate speech “regularly” and “..on an almost daily basis…” and your posts are deleted but curiously enough you are still allowed to post. I ask myself what you have that the rest of us don’t.
Did you keep any copies of your challenges? I’d be interested to read them and perhaps people who can still post on CiF can use your approach since it obviously serves you well. Can you post them here?)
August 30, 2009 at 8:14 am
hakunamatata
spectreovereurope
If you are really able to defend your assertion that Holocaust deniers can’t be antisemites then go ahead and do it. Certainly you are not thick enough to believe that this is a defensible opinion if you yourself are not a vicious antisemite.
August 30, 2009 at 9:36 am
Arnold
Spectre “Does Hirsh concede that SOME allegations of anti-semitism are diversionary to deflect criticism of Israel in his “Livingstone Formulation”?”
http://www.yale.edu/yiisa/workingpaper/hirsh/David%20Hirsh%20YIISA%20Working%20Paper1.pdf
Hirsh ” It does not assume that exaggerated hostility to Israel is caused by underlying antisemitism but it explores the possibility that antisemitism may be an effect even of some antiracist forms of anti-Zionism.”
Hirsh ” Nowhere in this paper is the claim made that all criticism of Israel is antisemitic; indeed contrary to received wisdom, it is exceedingly unusual for any serious person to make such a claim.”
August 30, 2009 at 9:45 am
Louise
“Where I would disagree with Hirsh is the inappropriate use of “rare”.”
So you’re able to provide lots of examples then, spectre …. the floor is yours……….
August 30, 2009 at 10:01 am
spectreovereurope
hakunamatata-
Holocaust denial is frequently, though not invariably, motivated by anti-semitism. It’s entirely possible to be sceptical about the Holocaust through sheer ignorance rather than anti-semitism (in much the same way that some people believe the moon landings never happened). I question the automaticity of assigning motive. I knew a Hungarian family that came to the UK in 1956. They were under the impression that information about extermination camps was merely Soviet propaganda. They only recognized it as verifiable truth when presented with “western” corroboration. They had no particular view about Jews. The related point is why Neo-Nazis seek to deny the Holocaust. The Nazi program of extermination of minorities (particularly Jews) was systematic and deliberate. Contemporary Neo-Nazis seem to be denying such a thing occurred. If one professes to be a Nazi, why not espouse Nazi policy?
August 30, 2009 at 10:12 am
zamalek
I can’t help chuckling at the irony. Once I was on a bus going along High Street Kensington where a small pro-Palestinian demonstration outside the gates to the Israeli embassy was just ending. A man was doling out cash to each demonstrator.
August 30, 2009 at 10:25 am
spectreovereurope
Louise
Jimmy Carter, Desmond Tutu, Norman Finkelstein, Noam Chomsky, Andrew Young, and many others over the years have been smeared as “anti-semitic” for their criticisms of Israel.
August 30, 2009 at 10:48 am
spectreovereurope
zamalek-
Strange….the Israeli embassy isn’t on Kensington High street.
August 30, 2009 at 10:55 am
modernity
spectreovereurope,
I don’t know your background or hang ups, but I suggest that you read Deborah Lipstadt’s Denying the Holocaust.
She explains it rather well.
August 30, 2009 at 10:57 am
Louise
You are further proving that you are simply a raging and shameless antisemite, spectre.
Tutu said: “People are scared in this country [the US], to say wrong is wrong because the Jewish lobby is powerful – very powerful.”
That’s antisemitic
Tutu has compared Israelis to Nazis. That’s antisemitic.
And he has compared Israel to an apartheid State. That’s antisemitic.
And you give him as an example of someone who is being smeared for making LEGITIMATE criticisms of Israeli policy?
Is it just Jews you hate, spectre? Or have you got it in for other minorities too?
I can give similar examples for all the names you mention but I have no intention of wasting time on reptiles.
August 30, 2009 at 10:57 am
spectreovereurope
modernity-
I’ll look out for it. Incidentally the question was responded to rather well (IMO) on Cif by a poster called Yoshky.
August 30, 2009 at 11:00 am
blue
@exiled – your 7:20 a.m. is pretty central to what the debate here should be. That we are for various reason, slotted into certain racial/political camps. Where antisemitism comes into this is when pro Israel Jews are slotted into a specific groups, devoid of all context to anything they’ve actually written. For instance, object to Conor Foley being selective in wanting to close one specific blog when his criteria for doing so is easily applied to other blogs – stand accused of defending Harry’s Place which equals being a supporter liberal interventionism, etc, etc,. another one, being accused of being an apologist for all kinds of unkosher things. I even had the one commentator/ poster (BeatontheDonis) more than imply that I actually think Arabs are dirty and another contributor/poster came in with some nonsense about my position on Cast Lead – which was marvellous since non of this was based on anything I’d actually written, but on what he/they decided I thought…..Now why would that be.
As far as I’m personally concerned there are problems with cif’s moderation which need review, alas, IMO, cif’s attitude seems very much a case of: No explanation, no apologies. I simply do not feel this is good enough any longer.
WRT the eumc which it might be worth pointing out, as per my cif/cifwatch posts make clear, I’m not persuaded by it and I think my second post on here asked about some of the content in the bio’s – However, in regard to your own agreement with CifWatch that antisemitic posts in their bio’s does exist, I have left a post for you on the thread : exiles allegations – If you could answer, you might actually be of assistance in moving the debate forward. How about it ?
Yo @Spectre – still doing the night shift, if I imply it’s at a dodgy hotel maybe you could get exiled to wade in and get me for “defamation” – or you could just send me back one of your classic rejoinders.
August 30, 2009 at 11:04 am
spectreovereurope
blue-
Imply to your heart’s content-That’s what this site’s all about.
August 30, 2009 at 11:05 am
Louise
“Strange….the Israeli embassy isn’t on Kensington High street.”
That just about sums up your obsessive vindictive hate-filled mind.
August 30, 2009 at 11:18 am
PoorGeorgina
SpectralEurope
Jimmy Carter, Desmond Tutu, Norman Finkelstein, Noam Chomsky, Andrew Young, and many others over the years have been smeared as “anti-semitic” for their criticisms of Israel.
Maybe that’s because the obsessive, tendentious, OTT nature of their commentary show that Jimmy Carter, Desmond Tutu, Norman Finkelstein, Noam Chomsky, and Andrew Young are anti-Semitic.
August 30, 2009 at 11:18 am
blue
@spectreovereurope
“blue-Imply to your heart’s content-That’s what this site’s all about.”
Well, I’m no more responsible for this site than you are Spectre – just putting up opinions, asking questions….Just like you and exiled.
August 30, 2009 at 11:21 am
spectreovereurope
blue-
Apologies if I (cough) implied otherwise.
August 30, 2009 at 11:24 am
peterthehungarian
spectreovereurope
You are either amazingly stupid or considering others the same. You bring up an example of ignorance easily justifiable by king size idiocy and/or by Soviet brainwashing. If this story is true at all this is an exception. I repeat your assertion again:
“Can anyone explain to me why holocaust denial is anti-semitic? Surely an anti-semite would endorse the holocaust rather than deny it?”
You didn’t ask “Can anyone explain to me why holocaust denial is ALWAYS anti-semitic?” Your question implied that in according to your opinion denying the Holocaust is NOT antisemitic.
You failed miserably. Your place on this list is well deserved reading only this post of yours alone.
August 30, 2009 at 11:30 am
spectreovereurope
peterthehungarian-
At the time of writing (three years ago), I was at work and posting clandestinely. All my comments at the time were short (through neccessity) and lacking in appropriate nuance-for THAT I apologise.
August 30, 2009 at 11:41 am
exiledlondoner
CIFCritic,
Most of your post is about CIF policy (particularly moderation policy), which is something I can’t answer for, and I don’t know under what circumstances posters have been pre-moderated or banned.
You might think I’m a Guardianista from what I’ve written here, but I’m not entirely sure why you would think that? I’m not here defending the Guardian.
To answer your questions about me – I have never been pre-moderated or banned, and have posted under the same username for about 5 years (Guardian Talk and CIF). I suspect one of the reasons I haven’t had many problems is because I normally challenge posts directly, without reference to any other issues – my posts are removed under the “referring to” policy, rather than on their own merits.
There are at least two of my challenges on live threads at the moment (Lerman and Beaumont), and no doubt many more in the archives.
One point – the closest I’ve been to banning, and my most furious exchanges with Georgina, have not been over the ME threads at all, but over the over moderation of staffer threads (Toynbee, Ashley ect).
August 30, 2009 at 12:12 pm
CiFCritic
Noted, exiledlondoner, and I also note that you are on first name terms with the CiF Editor-in-Chief (“Georgina”). Perhaps therefore you do have more clout than the likes of me had or you have a charmed life there for other reasons if indeed you challenge antisemitic and other racism as often as you say you do.
I, too, challenged posts directly and firmly and politely. I never got as far as writing to “Georgina” though. I was banned before I could.
August 30, 2009 at 12:15 pm
Louise
Bothered
I’m sorry you do not feel comfortable either here or on CIF.
I’m sure you’ll find ‘the right one’ soon.
August 30, 2009 at 12:55 pm
PoorGeorgina
@Bothered
Tutu is an anti-Semite on may grounds, not just the one.
Regarding the “Israel Lobby,” the very term plays into the centruies of anti-Semitic conspiracy theory, including the Protocols. Even in the USA, the Jews constitute less than 2% of the population, and simply cannot control government. The strong US support for Israel comes not from Jewish Americans, nor from an “Israel Lobby”, but from the 55%+ of the gentile American public which consistently supports Israel.
Individual’s opinions (Dersh, Fink, M&W) of the “Israel Lobby” are rendered irrelevant by the American public’s support. Any claimed Lobby could disappear tomorrow and the support would remain.
August 30, 2009 at 1:06 pm
exiledlondoner
CIFCritic,
I think Georgina Henry is Georgina to most on CIF. I’ve had a number of exchanges with her, all on the subject of either moderation, or the ‘new’ CIF software, that I felt very strongly about.
To be honest, without knowing your CIF username(s), the circumstances of your banning, and the reasons given for it, I can’t shed any light on it. Banning happens on both sides – a number of those listed here are no longer posting, or at least not under the same names.
I can assure you that I don’t have any influence that I’ve noticed, and most of my complaints or suggestions fall on deaf ears.
Sometimes I think I have led a charmed life – certainly in the early days when I indulged in a fair amount of personal abuse – but I suspect that my history as a poster who engages in debate probably works in my favour.
August 30, 2009 at 1:10 pm
Jubilation
Now I consider myself to be fairly reasonable – though perhaps this is not a universal opinion – and I have been in premoderation at least twice. I would not mind if it were accompanied by a note to my email address, which they have, explaining what I had done and which behaviour needed to be altered in their eyes. However as you know, there is nothing, and one is left feeling bewildered and at a loss.
So I agree you have had a charmed life, Exile.
August 30, 2009 at 1:16 pm
1peter
In the latest Lerman thread, a self-confessed anti-Zionist commenter stated “[p]lease remember that the Israeli Foreign Office pays people to post here. This means that any pro-Israeli view is more than likely to be yet another instance of Israeli propaganda.”
—————————————————————————————–
Considering the funds that the Saudi’s have put into propaganda it isn’t surprising to see such a projection.
The numbers of paid foreign agitators on campus are well known throughout the west, professional “students”, many not even registered that are running student clubs.
The numbers of “chairs” that have been endowed and continue to try and give legitimacy to the Chomsky’s and Finkelstein’s.
How crass to think that $150,000 budget is able to fund all of the various people who are going on-line to speak out against the racism, anti-semitism, anti zionism that we face daily.
Man, we sure do work cheap eh.
Fortunately we have one very important thing going for us, the truth.
We are not shackled by a false narrative that cannot and does not stand up to scrutiny.
We are a small people, 12 Million in all world-wide, yet we remain the chicken bone stuck in the throats of these people.
To be brutally honest, watching them wheezing and choking does not cause me any dismay at all.
August 30, 2009 at 1:19 pm
sergio bramsole
spectreovereurope “LeftWingOrthodoxJew presumably a left-wing Orthodox Jew”
The biggest red flag signifying false credentials is when trolls like him use Jewish monikers to consistently trash Israel. That troll is not Jewish at all.
August 30, 2009 at 1:26 pm
Jubilation
sorry Sergio but all the indicators point to the fact that he is Jewish.
August 30, 2009 at 1:30 pm
sergio bramsole
Jubilation, next time ask him to translate something from Hebrew.
August 30, 2009 at 1:38 pm
sergio bramsole
We can talk about it until the cows come home or we can do something concrete instead. I suggest we start boycotting CiF as a group.
August 30, 2009 at 1:38 pm
peterthehungarian
sergio you are mistaken.
Leftwingortodoxjew’s profil on the Guardian
Dan Rickman is an alumnus of an ultra-orthodox Jewish school in London and Oxford University who currently works in the IT industry. He has an MA in Hebrew and Jewish studies from the University of London and is author of a number of articles in the Jewish Chronicle. He posts on CiF as leftwingorthodoxjew
http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/dan-rickman
August 30, 2009 at 1:42 pm
1peter
spectreovereurope
Holocaust denial is frequently, though not invariably, motivated by anti-semitism. It’s entirely possible to be sceptical about the Holocaust through sheer ignorance rather than anti-semitism (in much the same way that some people believe the moon landings never happened). I question the automaticity of assigning motive. I knew a Hungarian family that came to the UK in 1956. They were under the impression that information about extermination camps was merely Soviet propaganda.
————————————————————————————–
Utter bullshit.
The Arrow Cross was every bit as eager as the Nazis, and while the Hungarians were sent to the concentration camps later than most, 550,000 out of 825,000 were killed.
A Jewish community that was fully assimilated like in Hungary cannot be deported “quietly”.
August 30, 2009 at 1:45 pm
sergio bramsole
Thanks Peter, I stand corrected.
August 30, 2009 at 1:49 pm
exiledlondoner
Hi Jubi,
“So I agree you have had a charmed life, Exile.”
Less so in recent times – nowadays I tend to keep my temper in check (probably more so than your good self?). You’re more recent, but I suspect that Peter (Hungarian) would have an opinion of my charmed life back in the bad old days…..
However, nothing got me closer to a ban than asking Jackie Ashley about her dinner party guest list….
Peter,
“Dan Rickman is an alumnus of an ultra-orthodox Jewish school in London and Oxford University who currently works in the IT industry. He has an MA in Hebrew and Jewish studies from the University of London and is author of a number of articles in the Jewish Chronicle. He posts on CiF as leftwingorthodoxjew”
Hmm, seems like he might be Jewish then.
Sergio Bramsole,
“That troll is not Jewish at all.”
Can I file that with your accusation that I’m an anti-semite?
August 30, 2009 at 1:49 pm
sergio bramsole
Dan Rickman must be every Jew-hater’s favorite Jew. He is still a troll in my book.
August 30, 2009 at 1:51 pm
peterthehungarian
spectreovereurope
“All my comments at the time were short (through neccessity) and lacking in appropriate nuance”
You must be joking. So at the time when you wrote “I hate blonde girls” must be translated for present use: “I DON’T hate blonde girls”?
This defense is so stupid that it doesn’t require any further discussion.
August 30, 2009 at 2:13 pm
Jubilation
Well, Exile, I think the honours are even between us – your unsuspected talent at reading my palm surprised me into an uncharacteristic response.
August 30, 2009 at 2:19 pm
Jubilation
Exile: The story about the guest list sounds as if it deserves to be heard if our hosts will bear with us?
August 30, 2009 at 2:21 pm
Leon Wells
Bothered
While I personally don’t hate CiF, it certainly resembles a school playground at times — and I think you’ve hit the nail on the head when you write:
“Apart from a small number of posters on here who are trying to have an intelligent open debate, this is turning into “You’re an Anti-Semite” “No, you’re a Zionist shill.”
Very grown-up, and not going to achieve anything.”
Indeed — well said.
August 30, 2009 at 2:28 pm
1peter
Actually this particular thread is supposed to be about the spurious allegation that individuals who are keen to point out the false statements and trot out the regular guilt by association are on some kind of a payroll.
Lerman has to resort to such innuendo instead of replying to those that point out the holes in his agenda.
August 30, 2009 at 2:28 pm
peterthehungarian
exiledlondoner
Leftwingortodoxjew is certainly a Jew, Sergio incorrectly considered him a provocateur and acknowledged his erroneous assumption.
From the other hand I perfectly understand the reason of this mistake.
As a veteran on CIF I know his past but if Sergio is a new boy on the block his supposition is perfectly logical and justifiable.
August 30, 2009 at 2:32 pm
Leon Wells
sergio bramsole
“Dan Rickman must be every Jew-hater’s favorite Jew. He is still a troll in my book.”
Such vitriol. Such an irrational attack on such a lovely, gentle guy. Why? I mean, deep down — what is the problem here?
Dan Rickman is about as reasonable a human being as you’re ever likely to meet.
August 30, 2009 at 2:33 pm
Mita
Leon Wells:Apart from a small number of posters on here who are trying to have an intelligent open debate, On here? On CiF there are those who spend all their time telling every Israeli how heartlessly they behave to the Palestinians: slaves to the biased UK media or I should imagine or dedicated Leftists with their own agenda to forward, but none the less inaccurate for that.
August 30, 2009 at 2:40 pm
peterthehungarian
1peter
You are correct. The accusation that pro-israeli posters are paid agents of some international Jewish conspiracy – Israeli government – Mossad etc so old like CIF itself. Until now the CIF moderators happily tolerated this kind shit, the change that now a staff member himself actively support it. Times are changing…
August 30, 2009 at 2:48 pm
sergio bramsole
ExiledLondoner,
“Can I file that with your accusation that I’m an anti-semite”
As a veteran on CIF I know his past but if Sergio is a new boy on the block his supposition is perfectly logical and justifiable.
There is something perceivably wrong with his attitudes toward Israel, His pathology goes way beyond mere politics. I must confess. I don’t really read his comments. He is not a compelling personalty in my book.
Why kick up a fuss over nothing? Read it again.
August 29, 2009 at 1:52 pm
sergio bramsole “ExiledLondoner is less strident in his comments and he isn’t a social antisemite in my opinion.”
I have been posting here for many, many years. I am not a noob. Thanks for bringing it up.
August 30, 2009 at 2:51 pm
1peter
I never heard of CiF till this year, didn’t even know that there was such a thing as the Guardian either.
Its a rather sad state of affairs when it came to my attention that a regular British paper is hotbed of anti-semitism hiding behind the hollow moral indignation of anti-Zionism.
Imagine my surprise when I found it to be so.
The daily dose of false information, the innuendo, the “facts” that get trotted out based on a false narrative.
It boggles the mind.
August 30, 2009 at 2:51 pm
Leon Wells
Mita
“On CiF there are those who spend all their time telling every Israeli how heartlessly they behave to the Palestinians: slaves to the biased UK media or I should imagine or dedicated Leftists with their own agenda to forward, but none the less inaccurate for that.”
Yes, I certainly agree that there are some misguided fools (and possibly some who are filled with actual hate) posting on CiF — but that goes for individuals on both ’sides’ of the I/P divide. As I said to user, Bothered — CiF certainly resembles a school playground at times.
Looks to me like CiF Watch has very quickly gone the same way.
August 30, 2009 at 2:59 pm
Mita
Leon Wells you are so quick to judge people negatively for all your wonderfully kind words about some Jews. Give them a chance. It is a new site and needs time to settle down. Not everyone is as experienced as you are at running a site like this.
August 30, 2009 at 3:05 pm
sergio bramsole
Can I file that with your accusation that I’m an anti-semite?
Read it again.
August 29, 2009 at 1:52 pm
ExiledLondoner is less strident in his comments and he isn’t a social antisemite in my opinion.
August 30, 2009 at 3:07 pm
sergio bramsole
“Leon Wells attack on such a lovely, gentle guy”
If you defend him then I prove my case beyond any reasonable doubt.
August 30, 2009 at 3:41 pm
Mita
Leon Wells: “the way they allow irrational vitriol to stay up on the boards ”
I see you are in favour of censorship. A censor here would include your own comments about the site: twice you have used the word vitriol. It sounds like you prefer authoritarian government, someone taking charge. Well,well…
August 30, 2009 at 3:45 pm
Leon Wells
sergio bramsole
“If you defend him then I prove my case beyond any reasonable doubt”
Sorry? I don’t get you. Would you care to explain? And as I said: deep down — what is the problem here, Sergio — why so much vitriol?
Mita
I did respond to your last post, but it has just disappeared without trace…
August 30, 2009 at 3:47 pm
Leon Wells
Yes — Mita…
“A censor here would include your own comments about the site”
Which is exactly what’s just occurred — no?
August 30, 2009 at 3:48 pm
Mita
Leon Wells
“Mita
I did respond to your last post, but it has just disappeared without trace…”
Possibly they took your advice and started censoring posts. You should be proud.
August 30, 2009 at 3:58 pm
Leon Wells
Mita
“Possibly they took your advice and started censoring posts. You should be proud.”
Whatever I write — you’re just gonna move the goal posts, arncha?!!
Still, I suppose it’s better than getting your kicks on Route 66!
Goodnight.
August 30, 2009 at 4:23 pm
FormerCiFer
Mita LeonWells/Okyprianou is the same person, and is obsessive, as in obsessed with Jews. Anything to do with Jews and the I/P gives him cover to feed his addiction.
It’s better to ignore him. We took bets as to how long it would take for him to appear. It was faster than we anticipated.
Dotty – crawl back under your stone, you slime bag
August 30, 2009 at 4:29 pm
Woof
Mita LeonWells/Ocyprianou/Count Dotty is a well known anti-Semite on CiF who is obssessed with Jews. To give you some idea how bad he is he’s even been banned by CiF – and he is now back as BetselemPaul.
We knew he’d turn up, but it was sooner than we anticipated, a sign of how obsessed he is.
It’s best if we ignore him – it feeds his addiction.
Dotty – crawl back under your stone.
August 30, 2009 at 4:31 pm
Mita
FormerCiFer
I think I need a shower now after that encounter with the forces of darkness.
August 30, 2009 at 5:05 pm
MTM
“Yes — I see. Leave the vitriol, but remove the response. Nice work.”
You sound just like we do where cif’s concerned. Has life just got a little better for us or what.
Sliver off, Dotty, CIF loves you in your various guises so why the need to fill this site up with your inane babble under different monikers. You’re that far gone you’re even using two on this site – Kyprianou ? So many Jews here, eh? You just couldn’t stay away. You’re like a leach.
August 30, 2009 at 5:08 pm
Leon Wells
Let’s try that again.
I mean, if you’re going to be serious here, then at least have the decency to give me the right of reply.
Woof — back up your serious allegations.
Why am I an anti-Semite? And why am I “obsessed with Jews”?
August 30, 2009 at 5:10 pm
MTM
Ignore him.
August 30, 2009 at 5:14 pm
Leon Wells
Ignore me?
Yes, that’s convenient.
August 30, 2009 at 5:18 pm
ReyaPhoenix
As Harry’s Place commenters often say:
Don’t feed the troll…
August 30, 2009 at 6:38 pm
Jonathan
All of this drama is hurting my head. All I want to know is if I venture into the hell hole that is CiF and write a pro-Israel post, can I expect a check from the Israeli Government? My car could use some repairs.
August 30, 2009 at 7:32 pm
sergio bramsole
leonwells,”Sorry? I don’t get you. Would you care to explain”
You suck as a wind-up artist. You are just too primitive to finesses it. I know what you will say ten turns ahead. Go play your silly games somewhere else.
August 30, 2009 at 7:33 pm
SaraR
Afraid not, Jonathan, it’s one of those anti-semitic conspiracies we wish were true. What actually happens is, you write a pro Israel post on CIF and you get deleted. Then you will be attacked, then you’ll respond and your post will be deleted.
If you are targeted by LaRit, Dotty, Berchmans et al – you’ll be lucky not to have nearly all your posts deleted plus you’ll probably get pre-modded to boot.
If you’re ExiledLondonor or LaRit you can discuss CIFWatch, if you’re PhyllisStein, you can’t.
if you’re LaRit you can post libellous comment and yet, the one she libels get pre-moderted. But it gets better, if you’re LaRit you can claims regarding death threats that absolutely nobody knows anything about, even the police, but non of that bothers CIF. CIFWatch is the smear site, you see, CIF is just fab – so long as you’re LaRitournelle or Dotty or Berchmans and Co.
August 30, 2009 at 7:54 pm
sergio bramsole
SaraR,
Berchamans is dumb as a doorknob. He appeared on the scene about three years ago. He is like CiF’s self-appointed agent provocateur. His basic modus operandi is to provoke us. You fight back and he clicks to alert CiF censors to get you premodded. He is not alone like that. There are others like him.
August 30, 2009 at 8:05 pm
SaraR
Berchmans might not be quiet as dumb as you think, Sergio. He has a charmed existance on CIF. Like a few more whom CIF more than seem to favor.
August 30, 2009 at 8:18 pm
sergio bramsole
Let’s not give him too much credit here, Sara. Other than his perennial ” there is no anti-Semitism on CiF” or something to this effect, he never says much else.
August 30, 2009 at 8:27 pm
Leon Wells
Woof
If you (or anyone else here) can’t substantiate your allegations that I am an anti-Semite and “obsessed with Jews” — I’ll assume that they are unfounded.
The ball is in your court.
August 30, 2009 at 8:33 pm
Leon Wells
sergio bramsole
“You suck as a wind-up artist. You are just too primitive to finesses it. I know what you will say ten turns ahead. Go play your silly games somewhere else.”
In other words — you can’t explain your earlier comment, am I right?
“If you defend him (Dan Rickman) then I prove my case beyond any reasonable doubt”
August 30, 2009 at 10:35 pm
John Brown
Although the tenor of this discussion is shriller than I expected, popping in here reveals one interesting fact – the Guardian’s policy of banning people, with a pretty broad brush – after all, Dotty has been banned “count”less times (eh, Leon?) as well as some of his harshest critics – has moved the debate away from that site to here. CIFWatch has already shown by its creation that the Guardian’s biased obsession with Israel and Jews can be challenged successfully.
They are pretty ineffective anyway – Dotty resurfaces as Btselempaul, that tiresome 63-year-old alte-kakker from Australia is back as interested1, and no doubt there are others. But some seem to live a charmed life – berchman’s for example, hiding rabid anti-semitism under “humorous” protestations against calling anti-semites out – and never appearing till their comments are removed, so he can keep his virtual nose clean by requesting references to the anti-semitc comments that have akready been removed.
August 31, 2009 at 12:11 am
exiledlondoner
John Brown,
You touch on an important point – banned posters returning under new usernames. CIF Watch calls for some posters to be banned, but does that actually help?
For many posters, on both sides of the debate, banning is merely an opportunity to jettison their past posting history and start afresh – hardly much of a threat….
August 31, 2009 at 12:29 am
CIFDisgustsMe
John Brown.
But some seem to live a charmed life – berchman’s for example, hiding rabid anti-semitism under “humorous” protestations against calling anti-semites out – and never appearing till their comments are removed, so he can keep his virtual nose clean by requesting references to the anti-semitc comments that have akready been removed.
I have noticed that too.
However, I also noticed various posters mentioning that the are keeping personal records of Berchmans and presumably to circumvent CI(F) protectionism.
I personally regret never keeping Halgeel44’s comments about ‘Doctors with Jewish sounding names cutting up womens vaginae for huge amounts of money’. No record of these blatantly antisemitic comments can be found on the Guardian site yet she is still posting there. Most commenters seem to regard her as a great entertainer though.
She has this thing about ‘white skins’.
August 31, 2009 at 5:41 am
Dan
If someone wrote about the “covetness of Jews” I think anyone defending the author might have a hard time in persuading others some of that authors best freinds are Jews.
August 31, 2009 at 9:56 am
Leon Wells
Okay then, friends:
If no-one can substantiate the allegations of anti-Semitism and “obsession with Jews” leveled at CiF commenter, LeonWells — perhaps the directors of this blog would be good enough to remove his name from the ‘watch list’.
Thank you.
August 31, 2009 at 10:14 am
Jubilation
Please don’t feed the trolls.
September 1, 2009 at 2:33 am
spectreovereuropa
Me and Hirsh will just have to agree to differ about the use of “rare”.